Subscribe to TrevorHoppe.com





Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a
Creative Commons License


August 8, 2008

Racial Diversity on Manhunt, Adam4Adam: Atlanta Edition
FILED UNDER: "Gay Men's Health & Culture"
TAGS: gay male culturegay men's healthhooking up onlineInternetthe South
By Trevor

Following on the heels of my last post on the racial diversity of online profiles in San Francisco on Manhunt and Adam4Adam, I bring you the Atlanta edition -- hot off the presses! I wanted to move away from San Francisco and find a major metropolitan area in which the majority ethnic group was non-white. Atlanta is a good fit -- as you'll see below, the city is majority-Black.

Given this shift in demographics, I was interested to see if the same patterns would arise on the websites as I described in my last post -- namely, that the racial diversity of online profiles declines to near-zero as their reported age increases. As I said last time, caution is urged: profiles are not people! Keep that in mind. The data below was collected from the 27,348 profiles on Adam4Adam, and 8,634 profiles on Manhunt that were listed in Atlanta Metro. Let's begin with some overall demographics.

Overview: ATL versus Manhunt versus Adam4Adam

Over 60% of Atlanta's population is Black, while just around one-third are white (source). This makes Atlanta one of the very few major metro areas in the country that are majority-Black. As you can see in the graph below, there are very small Latino and Asian-Pacific Islander communities -- the city is mostly Black and White:

Atlanta General Population:
raceatloverall.gif

And -- just as I mentioned last time -- measuring what the demographics of Atlanta's gay/bi/queer/MSM male population is very difficult. We'll again take a leap of faith here and say that we would expect that the men who have sex with men in Atlanta are probably racially distributed along similar lines to the city's general population.

Let's begin with Manhunt. As I indicated last time, Manhunt seems to appeal to a largely white population. You'll remember that in San Francisco, where there are strong API and Latino communities, over 70% of Manhunt profiles were white. In Atlanta, that trend continues, but is even more extreme. While over 60% of Atlanta's population is Black, only 8% of Manhunt profiles were listed as such. A whopping 81.5% of profiles were white:

Manhunt Atlanta Profiles Racial Demographics:
racemanhunt.gif

While the over-representation of white profiles in San Francisco didn't particularly surprise me, I found the gross under-representation of Black Manhunt profiles in Atlanta pretty shocking. Wowzer! It's pretty extreme, and is a strong indicator of how different websites can form totally different sexual ecologies. In contrast, as I indicated last time, Adam4Adam (A4A) has a history of being a predominantly African-American website in many cities. Because of this, I expected A4A in Atlanta to be absolutely brimming with Black guys -- especially after seeing how white the profiles were on Manhunt. I was actually surprised to find that the percentage of profiles that were listed as Black on Adam4Adam (62.2%) was nearly identical to the city's demographics (61.4%):

Adam4Adam Atlanta Profiles Racial Demographics:
racea4a.gif

Like I mentioned last time, many folks in the "Other" category would probably be counted as Black in a census. There seems to be a curious trend among younger African-American guys on Adam4Adam opting to identify as "Mix" instead of "Black." I'll talk about that more later in the section on age.

Race and Age: Age Goes Up, Diversity Goes Down

Last time, I was really shocked to find that in San Francisco, the racial diversity of profiles among age groups decreased dramatically as age went up. I still don't have access to general population data for Atlanta that crosses age with race. But I still would expect that racial diversity does not shift all that much across age groups -- though it certainly probably does to some extent. Increased mortality among African-Americans due to the higher rates of poverty / homelessness / access to health care / etc surely have an impact in Atlanta.

But -- just as last time -- the shift in diversity on these sites as age increases is too dramatic to be explained by those kinds of trends. Let's start with Manhunt. As you'll see below, in the 18-21 year old age group, well over two-thirds of the profiles on Manhunt are labeled as white -- already white folks over over-represented. By the time you reach the 34-37 age group, that number has gone up to over 80%. The oldest age group is almost 95% white:

Percentage of White Profiles in Atlanta on Manhunt, By Age Group:
racemanhuntwhttime.gif

I've separated the data for "profiles of color" into a second graph, since their numbers are so low that including them in the same graph would make it difficult to see their numbers. As you can see, while 16% of the profiles in the 18-21 age group are labeled as Black, that percentage quickly declines as age increases:

Percentage of "Profiles of Color" in Atlanta on Manhunt, By Age Group:
racemanhuntpoctime.gif

I expected this shift to be less dramatic on Adam4Adam -- since they had a larger percentage of "profiles of color" overall. Yet, while the representations of African-American profiles is much stronger on Adam4Adam (and overall in line with the city's demographics), I found yet again evidence of declining racial diversity. As you can see, there is almost a perfect inverse relationship between Black and White profiles in Atlanta -- it's kind of amazing.

Percentage of Profile's Ethnicity on A4A, By Age Group:
racea4atime.gif

If you look at the raw numbers of Black and White profiles by age group, you can get a better picture for what's happening here. The raw numbers of white profiles continues to climb until it peaks at the 38-41 age group. In contrast, the raw numbers of black profiles peaks in the 26-29 age group. It seems possible that white MSM may actually be getting online to look for sex later in life -- which seems totally counter intuitive. But that's a stretch of a conclusion from the data given. You'd need a longitudinal study to show that, where you follow the same folks over time. But take a look:

Raw Number of Black, White Profiles on A4A, By Age Group:
racea4atime.gif

Curiously, while the numbers are totally out of sync for most age groups, they align and drop in similar numbers after the 42-45 age group.

Conclusions

As I said last time, it's hard to draw any conclusions from this data. What surprises me perhaps the most is that I found evidence again of the trend of declining racial diversity as age increases in a city that's majority-Black. Research is desperately needed to understand exactly what's happening here!

PERMALINK | Posted at 3:43 PM | Post a Comment (5)

5 Comments

Ugh, Trevor. Thank you so much for posting this. I've lived in Atlanta for a few years now, and I think about this a lot. I'm pretty involved in queer and anti-racist activism, and it's frustrating that intersectional identities are so under-recognized. This also includes men with disabilities, trans/genderqueer men. Anyway, great job. Major kudos.

Jeremy G. | October 4, 2008 5:19 PM

My pleasure, Jeremy! I'm so happy that the data was useful for you. I hope to continue along these lines in developing this kind of "Profile Analysis." It's very interesting, I think! It's not immediately clear what kinds of activist implications it would have "on the ground." For instance, is it a bad thing for men of color to not be using the Internet in as large of numbers? Would a solution be to encourage more men of color to log-on? Or are they not logging on because of experienced racism online? Or because of a lack of reliable access to a computer with an internet connection? I think we need some qualitative work here to better understand whats fueling these numbers before jumping to any conclusions.

Trevor Hoppe | October 4, 2008 5:55 PM

The population ratio in Baltimore is the same as in Atlanta. There are defenitely more whites on Manhunt and more blacks on adam4adam. Did you ever think that Manhunt offers only limited services to free members while adam4adam is a completely free service ? Is there any relationship between this fact and racial ratio on these sites ?

XYZ | October 20, 2008 8:11 PM

Yes, I think this can account for some of the racial disparities. But I think there's something more interesting happening probably about sexual cultures / early adopters of websites that may in fact have a greater impact that simply cost / economic buying power. But this is purely speculative. We need some good ethnographic analysis here.

Trevor Hoppe | October 21, 2008 2:02 AM

Another explanation might be that the older black people are using other websites. For example, bgclive.com is 90% black, and the rest is white and latino and others. Older black men may still be looking for sex online, but just not in the two places you were researching: adam4adam and manhunt.

B | November 2, 2008 3:04 PM


About Us
Trevorade is a community of people just like you who spend their days thinking about sex, gay men's health, and HIV/AIDS. Welcome!

We Need Your Support
We're supported almost exclusively by donations from generous souls like yourself. So please, if you enjoy the content here, shell out a few gay dollars to help us cover our hosting bills.










Clips N' Chips
Liberal-Minded. Antillean-American. Queer. Non-PC Feminist.
Joe. My. God.
Gay Culture, Short Stories, & More! NY-Based.
Kaleidoscope
 Fellow Ann Arborite and Gay Blogger. Sexuality & Human Rights focus.
Knucklecrack
Gay Activist Eric Levin's Fabulous NY-Based Blog.
Lifelube
Gay, Sexy, Healthy - Just Like You!
Pam's House Blend
She's a fabulous North Carolinian blogging about politics, LGBT and women's rights, the influence of the far Right, and race relations. What more can I say?


19th Century
ABC
abortion
abstinence
academia
Acapulco
ACLU
ACT UP
activism
Adam Lambert
Adam4Adam
Adrienne Rich
advertising
aesthetics
Africa
age of consent
AIDS in Culture
AIDS Inc
airlines
Alan Cumming
Alice Newton
Alix Olsen
Allan Berube
Amanda Blank
Amazon.com
Amber Hollibaugh
America's Next Top Model
American Idol
American Sexuality Magazine
Americans
anal queefing
anal sex
Ancient History
Anderson Cooper
Andre Cavalcante
Andrew Sullivan
Ann Arbor
Antiretrovirals
Apple
archival research
Argentina
Armed Forces
Art
art fair
astrology
atlanta
Australia
AutBar
bacon
Badlands
banned
bareback
barebacking
Barry Adams
bathhouse
Batman
Bay Area Reporter
BBC
Bea Arthur
bears
Berkeley
Bette Midler
Better World Advertising
Betty White
Beyonce
Beyond Masculinity
bi-curious
bigotry
bikes accidents
Bill Clinton
Bill Frist
Black gay men
Blackness
blogging
blow job
body image
Boston
Bottom identity
bougie white people
Brazil
Brent Corrigan
Britney Spears
Broadway
Brokeback Mountain
Bruce LaBruce
bullying
Bush Administration
Butt Magazine
California
call for papers
Calpernia Addams
Cameron Diaz
Camille Paglia
camp
campaign financing
Canada
cancer
capital punishment
capitalism
Carribean
Castro
Catholic Church
Cathy Cohen
Cazwell
CDC
Celine Dion
censorship
charity
Charlize Theron
Charlotte
Che Guevara
Cher
Chicago
China
chlamydia
Chris Bartlett
Christina Aguilera
Christina Applegate
Christopher Columbus
Chronicle of Higher Education
CIA
circuit boys
circumcision
civil rights
class politics
clubbing
CNN
cocaine
coming out
commodification
community
Community HIV/AIDS Mobilization Project
condoms
Congress
Connecticut
conservatives
cooking
copyright laws
Cornell
corporate welfare
corruption
Cortland Review
counterpublic health
country music
Craigslist
Creating Change
criminal justice
cruise ship
crystal methamphetamine
CTOPS
Cuba
cultural studies
D&X Abortions
daddies
Daily Beast
DailyKos
Dan Savage
Daniel Reeders
Danny DeVito
David Halperin
David Kaufman
David Letterman
David Malebranche
democrats
Denmark
Desperate Housewives
Destiny's Child
Detroit
Deutsche AIDS-Hilfe
Dick Cheney
dieting
disclosure
disco
discrimination
disidentification
Disney
divas
DOMA
douche bags
douching
drag queens
drugs
DSM
eagle
Ebay
Economics
economy
Edmund White
elderly
elections
Elizabeth Pisani
Ellen DeGeneres
England
epidemiology
epistemology
Eric Leven
Eric Rofes
español
Ethan Suniewick
Ethel Merman
ethics
ethnocentrism
European Union
Eurovision
Evan Wolfson
exams
Facebook
facial
family
Family Guy
fascism
Fashion
Father's Day
fausto fernos
FDA
feastoffun
FEMA
femininity
feminism
Feminist men
Ferndale
Film studies
Fiona Apple
fiscal responsibility
fisting
fitness
Florida
flow
foreclosure
FOX News
Frameline
France
free speech
Frontiers
FTM
Ganymede
Gary Dowsett
gas prices
gay bashing
Gay bitch
Gay City
gay gene
Gay icons
gay male culture
gay marriage
gay men
gay men's health
Gay Men's Health Leadership Academy
Gay Men's Health Summit
Gay Pride
gay sex
gay stuff
Gay.com
gayborhood
Gayle Rubin
geisha
gender identity
genderfuck
genetics
George W Bush
Germany
Gilbert Herdt
Giovanni's Room
GLAAD
GLBT Historical Society
GLBTSA
GLEE
Glenn Beck
GLF
global health
Gold Coast
Golden Girls
Golden Globes
goldstar
Google
graduate school
Grindr
Guillermo del Toro
H1N1
Haiti
hanky code
Harlequin Superromance
harm reduction
Harry Potter
Harvard
Harvey Milk
hate crimes
HBO
health care
Heather Cassils
Helen Goddard
herpes
heteronormativity
heterosexism
high school
higher education
Hillary Clinton
hipsters
HIV
HIV / AIDS
HIV Panic
HIV Prevention
HIV testing
HIV-positive
Hollywood
homofobia
homophobia
Homophobia
hooking up online
hospitals
HPPC
HPV
Human Rights Campaign
Hurricane Katrina
identity politics
Illinois
IML
immigration
India
individualism
Indonesia
inequality
Inga Muscio
insomnia
Institutional Review Board
insurance companies
intergenerational intimacy
International Mr. Leather
Internet
intersex
Iowa
iPhone
Iran
Iraq
Islam
Israel
iTunes
Ivy League
Jackson Bowman
James Baldwin
James Schuyler
Janet Jackson
Japan
Jean Genet
Jim Pickett
Joe Lieberman
John D'Emilio
John McCain
Jon Stewart
journalism
Juanita More
Judith Butler
Julia Serano
juventud
Juventud
k.d. lang
Kane Race
Kansas
Kansas City
Kanye West
Karl Rove
katastrophe
Kathy Griffin
keith green
Kevin Jennings
Kim & Cookie
kitsch
Kylie Minogue
LA Gay & Lesbian Center
Lady Gaga
LAMBDA
Lambda Literary Foundation
lark ballinger
Larry Kramer
Las Vegas
latino
Lauryn Hill
lawyers
leadership
leather
Legends
Les Natali
lesbians
LGBT Cinema
LGBT culture
LGBT history
LGBT politics
LGBT youth
lgbti health summit
LGBTI Health Summit
libertarianism
Lifelube
Lisa Marie Presley
literary
Liza Minelli
LOGO
London
long term nonprogressors
Longtime Companion
Lord of the Rings
Los Angeles
Los Angeles Times
love
lube
Madonna
Magnet SF
Maine
malaria
Malaysia
ManAlive
Mandy Carter
Manhunt
marc felion
Marilyn Monroe
Marion Cotillard
Mark Snyder
Mark Wunderlich
Married Men
Martha Nussbaum
Martin Luther King Jr.
masculinity
Massachusetts
masturbation
Mattachine Society
Matthew Shepard
Medicine
mentorship
Meredith Vieira
methodology
Mexico
Michael Hurley
Michael Jackson
Michael Moore
Michael Petrelis
Michael Scarce
Michael Warner
Michel Foucault
Michelangelo Signorile
Michigan
Michigan Daily
Microsoft
Middle East
Mika
military
Million Dollar Bill
Minnesota
monogamy
moral panics
morality
Mormon Church
Moscow
Movable Type
Movimiento LGBTTT en México
MRSA
MTV
museveni
music
music videos
mythology
nair
NAMBLA
National Gay and Lesbian Task Force
National Sexuality Resource Center
NBC
Necto
needle exchange
Needles Jones
negative men
neo-nazi
neoliberalism
Netherlands
New York City
New York Times
New Zealand
newspapers
Newsweek
NGLTF
Nicole Kidman
No Doubt
North Carolina
Obama
obesity
okcupid
Olympics
Ongina
Oprah
oral sex
orgies
Original Plumbing
Out Magazine
Outfest
Outkast
Palestine
Pamela Conover
Pansy Division
parenting
Paris
Paris Hilton
Pat Califia
Pat Robertson
Patriot Act
Paul Newman
Peaches
Pedophilia
Perez Hilton
perfume
Peru
Peter Tatchell
pharmaceuticals
Philadelphia
Philippines
philosophy
photography
piercings
plagiarism
Planned Parenthood
pleasure
podcasting
poetry
police
police brutality
poppers
pornography
positional identity
Post exposure prophylaxis
post-race
postmodernism
Powell's
Poz Magazine
Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis
PrEP
President Obama
Pride
Princeton
print media
Prison-industrial complex
progressive
Project Runway
Proposition 8
prospect theory
psychology
public health
public sex
Puebla
Puerto Rico
Queen Latifah
Queer as Folk
queer identity
queer politics
queer studies
queer theory
QueerToday.com
Question of the Day
Quotes from People's Profiles
Rachel Maddow
racialized desire
racism
Racism
Radical Faeries
radio
raid
Raleigh
Rape
recording industry
rectal microbicides
refreshing
religion
RENT
Renée Zellweger
reproductive health
Republican Bastards
Republican party
research
retreat
Richard Labonte
rimming
risky business
Rita Hayworth
Road Trip
Robert Novak
Robyn
Roe v. Wade
Rome
Romeo Void
Royal Oak
RuPaul
RussaYog
Russia
russian river
Saint Foucault
Salon.com
Sam Sparro
San Francisco
San Francisco AIDS Foundation
San Francisco State University
Sarah Palin
Sasha Baren Cohen
Saturday Night Live
Scarlet Johansson
School violence
Scissor Sisters
Scooter Libby
Scott's life
Search engines
Seattle
September 11th
seroadaptation
serosorting
Sex and the City
sex education
sex offenders
Sex Panic
sex work
sex-negativity
Sexism
sexology
SexPols
sexual ethics
sexual health
sexual scripting
Sexuality & LGBT Studies
Sexuality & LGBT Studies
SF Weekly
silver foxes
sissyphobia
Sisters of Perpetual Indulgence
size queens
smoking
social justice
social marketing
social networking
social science
socialism
Sociology
Sordid Lives
South Africa
South America
South Park
Spain
spanish
sports
Starbucks
statistics
Steamworks
stem cells
stereotypes
stigma
stock market
Stonewall
stop AIDS
straight people
suburbia
Sue Hyde
superinfection
Supreme Court
Susan Kippax
Susan Stryker
Suzanne Pharr
Switzerland
syphilis
Taiwan
taso
technology
Ted White
Telephone
television
terrorism
Thailand
Thanksgiving
The Advocate
The Anonymous Gay Sex Column
The Bottom Monologues
The Gayest Podcast in Michigan
The L Word
The Netherlands
The Onion
the South
The Today Show
The Vatican
The View from the Bottom
The Village People
threesomes
Time Magazine
Tina Fey
Toe up
Tom DeLay
Tony Valenzuela
tops
Toronto
Transamerican Love Story
transgender
transphobia
tricks
Troy Wood
Tucker Carlson
Twilight Series
twinks
Twitter
uganda
Ugly Betty
UNC Chapel Hill
unemployment
Union Square
United Kingdom
United Nations
Unity Conference
University of Michigan
Urvashi Vaid
Utah
vacation
vaccine
Vagina Monologues
vaginas
Valentine's Day
vampires
Vermont
Veteran's Day
Viagra
Victoria Beckham
Village Voice
voting
Walmart
Washington DC
wax
Wendy Brown
Whitney Houston
Wicked
William Way
Wisconsin
women of color
Women's Studies
World Health Organization
Xtube
yoga
young gay men
youth
Youtube
Zimbabwe
zines
zoology
Émile Durkheim